Malignant and cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of death in Brazil. Estimates for 2013 predict the occur- rence of 189,150 new cases of cancer in Brazilian women. With advanced detection tools, patients are diagnosed and treated for cancer at a younger age and are more likely to survive. The cytotoxic action of chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy very frequently implies serious damage to the gonads, and consequences due to the hypoestro- genism, such as osteoporosis, infertility and premature ovarian failure, are expected. Oncofertility, then, appears as a new area of reproductive medicine, which is dedicated to the development of strategies for the reduction of ther- apeutic sequels in cancer survivals, ultimately aiming the maintenance of their quality of life and the possibility of bi- ological maternity. This article aims to present an overview of possible options for female fertility preservation after cancer and future perspectives in oncofertility.