Ayurveda, an ancient system of Indian medicine has defined a number of plants with therapeutic benefits for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, having antioxidant activities. Traditional medicines derived from medicinal plants are used on about 60% of the world's population. This review focus on herbal plants and their active components which are used in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders (like Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson), epilepsy, stork etc. Neurodegenerative disorders are a major health problem and directly associated with synaptic plasticity. There are various approaches to modulate synaptic plasticity and treat neuronal disease and its secondary complications. Herbal treatment / formulation are beneficial due to lesser side effects and low cost. Extracts of Bacopa monniera had proved to improve human cognitive function. Bacopa extract is claimed to have antioxidative function. Ginkgo biloba is reported to reduce free radical levels, age-related effects and improve memory and learning behavior. Extracts of Withania somnifera improves brain functions, antioxidant status in oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's will cost the nation $203 billion in 2013 and this number is expected to rise to $1.2 trillion by 2050. In this review we reviewed more than 15 plant species which is used for neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity in the world. There are still a large number of plants that need to be examined for their potential neuroprotective properties. Assays based on genomics and proteomics are expected to offer comprehensive information about molecular mechanism of neurological ailments and their protection by plant extracts. This will greatly help in identifying more potent compounds with potential applications in prevention of human ailments. These approaches hold promise for the treatment of a variety of neurological conditions, including neuropathic pain, Alzheimer, epilepsy, depression, stroke etc.