Cherry chlorotic rusty spot (CCRS) is a disease of un-known etiology affecting sweet and sour cherry in South-ern Italy. CCRS has constantly been associated with the presence of an unidentified fungus, double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) from mycoviruses of the genera Chryso-virus, Partitivirus and Totivirus and two small circular RNAs (cscRNAs) that may be satellite RNAs of one of the mycoviruses. The similarity of CCRS and Cherry leaf scorch (CLS), a disease caused by the perithecial as-comycete Apiognomonia erythrostoma, is discussed in the light of symptomatology, fungal fructifications, nu-cleotide sequence analysis of fungal genes, including the 18S rDNA amplified by PCR from infected leaves, and isolated mycelia. Comparison of mycoviral dsRNAs iso-lated from plants affected by both diseases further sup-ports the view that CCRS and CLS are closely related. This is the first report showing the presence of CCRS-like mycoviral dsRNAs in CLS-infected cherry trees from Spain, indicating that CCRS-associated mycovirus-es are more widely spread than though before.