This experiment evaluated the induction of RNA synthesis in neurons of various cerebral areas during hyperthermia induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of orexin A. The firing rates of the sympathetic nerves to interscapular brown adipose tissue, along with interscapular brown adipose tissue and colon temperatures, and heart rate were monitored in urethane-anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats before and after an injection of orexin A (1.5 nmol) into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Furthermore, the incorporation of 3 H-uridine in total RNA and the expression of mRNA encoding the precursor of orexin A were measured in the cerebral areas at the 4th hour after the injection. The same variables were monitored in control rats with an injection of saline. The results show that orexin A increases the sympathetic firing rate, interscapular brown adipose tissue and colonic temperatures, heart rate, along with: (1) the incorporation of 3 H-uridine in total RNA of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum, (2) the expression of mRNA encoding the precursor of orexin A in the hypothalamus, cortex and cerebellum. These findings indicate that orexin A induces polyhedral gene expressions in several cerebral regions. Furthermore, we insist to suggest the name ''hyperthermine A'' as an additional denomination of ''orexin A'' by considering the strong influence of this neuropeptide on body temperature.