Prior to this study, the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) had previously been recorded in Moravia just six times at five locations, always in winter. Occurrences recorded in the Javoříčské caves and their surroundings in May and June 2006, and subsequently in July 2007, represent the first evidence for summer occurrence of this species in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, recordings in the Císařská cave confirm the occurrence of the species in the Moravian Karst after a 35-year absence following its first finding in the Beskydy Mountains. The timing of these findings suggests the possibility for successful survival of solitary individuals in Moravia over the summer.