Dentists both as clinical practice and research increased progressively their interest in leukemia, because the oral complications are common during the outcome of the disease, dental management is complex, and the mouth is a potential source of morbidity. The aim of this review is analyzing the most important periodontal problems due to childhood Leukaemia. Infact only with an appropriate periodontal treatment oral health could be mantained and restored before development of irreversible periodontal damage. Our experience suggests that even if detrimental impact of antineoplastic therapy on oral cavity is unavoidable, it could be diminished with an adequate and correct preventive or curative therapy contributing to a better quality of life of children treated for cancer.