The Serra do Orobó Mountain range is located in central Bahia Stale, northeastern Brazil, and occupies an area of approximately 7,300 ha The range comprises different physiognomies of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF), including semideciduous and riparian forests that grow on the lower slopes at elevations (450 to 700 meters) and fragments of submontane humid forest growing near the summit (700 to 850 meters). A floristic survey was undertaken at the 15 best preserved forest fragment sites scattered along the Orobó range. A total of 615 species within 378 genera and 106 families were sampled, including ten new angiosperm taxa Angiosperms comprised 597 species within 365 genera and 96 families, while pteridophytes comprised 18 species in 13 genera and 10 families. The floristic diversity of the Orobó site was high in comparison to other SDTF areas in eastern Brazil Analyses of endemism and floristic relationships suggested that the flora of the seasonally semideciduous forests of the Serra do Orobo mountain range is more closely related to the seasonally dry forest vegetation of the Atlantic Forest domain rather than to the Caatinga domain.