Diurnal platyrrhines, both di- and trichromats, have magnocellular (M-) and parvocellular (P-) retinal ganglion cells which are morphologically very similar to those found in catarrhines. Catarrhine central P ganglion cells contact single midget bipolar cells, which contact single cones. Physiological recordings of retinal ganglion cells of dichromatic Cebus monkeys showed very similar cell properties to the catarrhine macaque, except that P ganglion cells lacked colour-opponency. We describe the presence of single-headed midget bipolar cells in the Cebus retina. These midget bipolar cells have axon terminal sizes in the same range as the dendritic tree sizes of P ganglion cells as far as 2 mm of retinal eccentricity. This result supports the view that, as in catarrhines, central P ganglion cells of platyrrhines receive input from single midget bipolar cells which in turn, receive input from single cones. This finding is consistent with the idea that a P pathway with one-to-one connectivity was present in the anthropoid ancestor before the divergence between catarrhines and platyrrhines.