BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) over time (ie, PSA velocity [PSAV]) aid prostate cancer detection. Some guidelines do incorporate PSAV cut points as an indication for biopsy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether PSAV enhances prediction of biopsy outcome in a large, representative, population-based cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: There were 2742 screening-arm participants with PSA