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The adjuvant effect of Quil A on the primary antibody response of mice to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide conjugates was examined. Quil A increased the anti-capsular polysaccharide antibody titres, the protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the opsonic capacity of the antibodies as measured in a newly developed in vitro phagocytosis assay, using the mouse macrophage cell line J774.