During excavations of the large lake basin (c.24ha) of Neumark Nord 1 (NN1; Geiseltalsee, eastern Germany), an additional, smaller basin (1.6ha) was identified (Neumark Nord 2 [NN2]). Excavations of the sedimentary infill of NN2 were undertaken over an area of approximately 500m 2 and yielded c20,000 flint artefacts and more than 120,000 faunal remains. Application of palaeomagnetism, combined with an extensive pollen and micromorphology record, position the main find bearing units to the first half of the Last Interglacial period, the Eemian (MIS 5e). Sedimentological studies suggest that the basin was infilled over a narrow time interval (c.500 years). Continuing research is investigating the specific site formation processes and taphonomic agents operating at NN2 in order to contextualise Neanderthal behaviour at the site and provide a unique window into their subsistence behaviour during interglacials. Detailed zooarchaeological analysis, combined with both experimental procedures and GIS analysis, has allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of both site formation and Neanderthal behaviour at NN2. To date, c.20,000 bones have been analysed, representing an almost complete north-south transect that encompasses both the basin margins and the deeper regions of the basin. Holistic taphonomic analysis has been used to identify and disentangle evidence for both natural and cultural modifications. GIS-based spatial analyses are being used to identify taphonomic processes and Neanderthal use of space. A variety of warm-stage fauna were identified including elephant, rhino, bovid, equid, cervids alongside carnivores such as bear and lion. Skeletal representation highlights both denser and more friable bone portions are preserved suggesting limited post-depositional destruction. Detailed bone surface studies have identified a predominance of human modifications, with a surprising absence of carnivore and other natural modifications (e.g. fluvial). This suggests a primary role for Neanderthals in faunal accumulation at NN2, supported by GIS analysis that illustrates no statistical correlation between bone remains and hydraulic flow. Further spatial analysis illustrates more fragmented remains in the northern areas of NN2 contrasting with larger, more complete remains, often in anatomical alignment, in the south. Thus, the highly fragmented nature of the assemblage in the north of the NN2 basin could be, largely, the result of Neanderthal butchery and marrow processing activities. Because of its large excavated area and high resolution archive, NN2 provides a unique opportunity to identify, document and analyse taphonomic processes and provide a clearer understanding of Neanderthal exploitation in a lakeland environment during an interglacial. Multidisciplinary analyses suggest that the site was repeatedly used by Neanderthal populations for butchery and carcass processing. At NN2 natural accumulation agents appear to have had a reduced role in site formation. Instead, the site appears to represent a focal point to which Neanderthals both transported material and potentially exploited animals that had died naturally. Similar behavioural signatures were also noted around the nearby NN1 basin, illustrating that NN2 was only one focal point within this broader lakeland environment.