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Taylor & Francis, Contemporary Physics, 2(45), p. 147-157

DOI: 10.1080/00107510310001644836

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Brownian motion and gambling: From ratchets to paradoxical games

Journal article published in 2004 by Jmr M. R. Parrondo ORCID, Luis Dinís
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This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Two losing gambling games, when alternated in a periodic or random fashion, can produce a winning game. This paradox has been inspired by certain physical systems capable of rectifying fluctuations: the so-called Brownian ratchets. In this paper we review this paradox, from Brownian ratchets to the most recent studies on collective games, providing some intuitive explanations of the unexpected phenomena that we will find along the way.