This is a research review of the latest experimental approach summarizing an orientation-dependent study of a nickel based superalloy using neutron diffraction experiments. The review focuses on the lattice strain evolution of the alloy subjected to both tensile and cyclic deformation. The advantages of using neutron diffraction experiments are reviewed. The experimental approach is described as an insight to further address the concept of the newly-developed experimental instrument used in this research. The nickel-based superalloy is selected as an example to demonstrate the validity of the advance of the recent development of the neutron diffraction experiments.