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American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET), Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 9(40), p. 1860-1865, 2012

DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.046425

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A Novel Relay Method for Determining Low-Clearance Values

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

A novel relay method has been developed using cryopreserved human hepatocytes to measure intrinsic clearance of low-clearance compounds. The relay method involved transferring the supernatant from hepatocyte incubations to freshly thawed hepatocytes at the end of the 4-h incubation to prolong the exposure time to active enzymes in hepatocytes. An accumulative incubation time of 20 h or longer in hepatoctyes can be achieved using the method. The relay method was validated using seven commercial drugs (diazepam, disopyramide, theophylline, timolol, tolbutamide, S-warfarin, and zolmitriptan) that were metabolized by various cytochrome P450s with low human in vivo intrinsic clearance at approximately 2 to 15 ml · min⁻¹ · kg⁻¹. The results showed that the relay method produced excellent predictions of human in vivo clearance. The difference between in vitro and in vivo intrinsic clearance was within 2-fold for most compounds, which is similar to the standard prediction accuracy for moderate to high clearance compounds using hepatocytes. The relay method is a straightforward, relatively low cost, and easy-to-use new tool to address the challenges of low clearance in drug discovery and development.