The pollen analysis of a new sedimentary sequence performed at the Bosc dels Estanyons peat bog (2180m a.s.l., Eastern Pyrenees, Andorra) is presented. Seven radiocarbon measurements and complementary macro-charcoal, stomata, and pollen influx analyses are employed to illustrate the dynamics of high-mountain vegetal communities since the end of the Late Glacial period. This high-resolution pollen analysis outlines the evolution of human activities since the Mesolithic–Early Neolithic transition for the first time in this area.