Air temperature and wind speed profiles measured during one year by means of a SODAR-RASS system located within a large park were examined for the urban boundary layer (UBL) over Rome, Italy. These data, combined with velocity and temperature measurements performed near the ground were used to analyze the vertical structure of the boundary layer and to estimate some turbulence parameters characterizing the surface layer. About 52,000 vertical profiles of wind speed and temperature were used for the analysis, allowing investigation for a large variety of stability conditions. First, friction velocity and Obukhov length were examined, showing clearly their dependence on the time of day and season. Second, the applicability of the Monin-Obukhov (MO) similarity theory-developed over rural terrain-was tested up to 200 m above ground level. For the wind speed profiles, the performance of the MO similarity degrades with both increasing height and stability, with maximum errors that are on the order of 300 % at 200 m for the most stable case. In contrast, for the air temperature the error always remains below 50%. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.