We examined structural anisotropy of metallic glass samples deformed by homogenous mechanical creep and by inhomogeneous compression using high energy X-ray diffraction. Strong uniaxial symmetry of the diffraction pattern was observed in the plane of applied stress during creep deformation and suggests that the sample without external load is under uniform shear strain. Pair distribution function analysis indicates bond anisotropy in the first atomic shell. A sample treated at a higher temperature exhibits larger anisotropy. The inhomogeneous deformation, albeit localized to a small volume of shear bands, also produces anisotropy in the diffraction pattern. The diffraction pattern, however, cannot be readily analyzed in terms of the anisotropic structure function and the PDF. The observation of the structural anisotropy in metallic glasses after mechanical deformation provides information about its microscopic mechanism. It suggests that mechanical deformation involves rearrangements in a cluster of atoms by a bond reformation. This is a local shearing process and does not have to involve "free volume" generation. This bond reformation, or local bond exchange,20 results in the observed structural anisotropy.