201 unemployed men and women participated in a cross-sectional study that assessed the relation between self-esteem and financial deprivation, number of alternate roles, use of social support, and gender. Financial deprivation, alternate roles, and social support each had a main effect on self-esteem. In addition, these variables interacted with gender to affect self-esteem. Specifically, financial deprivation had a greater negative association with self-esteem in men as compared with women. In contrast, alternate roles and social support had a stronger positive relationship to self-esteem in women than in men. The incorporation of these findings into intervention programs for unemployed persons is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)