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Measuring Deformation and Topography with a Portable Radar Interferometer

Journal article published in 2008 by Andreas Wiesmann, Charles Werner, Tazio Strozzi, Urs Wegmüller
This paper was not found in any repository; the policy of its publisher is unknown or unclear.
This paper was not found in any repository; the policy of its publisher is unknown or unclear.

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Abstract

Measurements of surface topography and ground-motion over the Rhone glacier in Switzerland and the Tessina landslide in Italy performed with a ground-based real-aperture interferometric radar are discussed. The phase difference between successive images acquired by the terrestrial interferometric radar from the same viewpoint are used to determine displacements on the order of a fraction of a wavelength. In the case of our Ku-band instrument, operating at a wavelength of 17.4 mm, the measurement sensitivity is better than 1mm. The radar was deployed overlooking the Rhone Glacier in October 2007 for a series of measurements to evaluate its feasibility for the remote sensing of glaciers. Multiple images were acquired over a 6 hour period. Interferometric post-processing of these data yielded Line-Of-Sight (LOS) velocity estimates on the order of ~4 mm/hr (~35 m/year). The interferograms have good coherence even over several hours. We also acquired simultaneous interferometric image pairs with a vertical baseline of 25 cm and derived the surface topography from the interferometric phase by calculating the precise angle of the LOS relative to the baseline. Simultaneous acquisition of the image pairs eliminates interferometric decorrelation due to surface change and phase errors due to tropospheric variability and ground motion. Our results are in good agreement with topographic maps and photogrammetric data. Another set of measurements was taken at the Tessina landslide in Northern Italy. Small parts of this landslide moved so rapidly that distinct signals of the deformation were already evident after 15 minutes. Multiple measurements were taken throughout the day to monitor the movement. Over the short intervals considered the coherence was high except for the forested areas where vegetation decorrelated the signal. The effect of the relatively strong atmospheric path delay distortions could be significantly reduced by stacking the individual observations.