Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) gene, potentially related to reproductive traits in chickens, was genotyped by using the Pooled DNA Sequencing, PCR-SSCP and Directing Sequencing techniques. 306 Erlang Mountain chickens form one line (SD03, a line that has been selected for egg quality from a local chicken breed in Sichuan province, China) were genotyped in this study. The associations between LHCGR polymorphisms and six reproductive traits [body weight at first egg (BWAFE), weight of first egg, age at first egg (AFE), number of eggs at 300 days of age (EN), body weight at 300 days of age and egg weight at 300 days of age (EWTA)] were estimated using the one-way analysis of variance method. Results showed that SNP +G4058A and SNP +T4099G of the LHCGR gene were significantly associated with BWFE and AFE. Birds with the AG genotype for the +G4058A SNP exhibited shorter AFE (P < 0.05) and greater EN than those of the GG and AA genotypes, suggesting a balancing selection (overdominance); the effect of allele C in SNP +C3021T and allele C in SNP +T4490C on EN and AFE is additive and may reflect the influence of positive selection. These alleles have promise as genetic markers for future marker-assisted selection.