This work deals with the results on flow dynamics in TJ-II plasmas under Li-coated wall conditions, which produces low recycling and facilitates the density control and access to improved confinement transitions. The low-density transition, characterized by the emergence of the shear flow layer, is described from first principles and within the framework of neoclassical theory. The vanishing of the neoclassical viscosity when approaching the transition from below explains the observation of a number of turbulent phenomena reported in TJ-II in recent years; a unifying picture is provided in which zonal, i.e. large scale, radially structured, perturbations are observable when the neoclassical damping is sufficiently small. Preliminary linear, collisionless gyrokinetic simulations are carried out to assess that the measured time scale of relaxation of such perturbations is reasonably understood theoretically. In higher density regimes, the physical mechanisms behind the L–H transition have been experimentally studied. The spatial, temporal and spectral structure of the interaction between turbulence and flows has been studied close to the L–H transition threshold conditions. The temporal dynamics of the turbulence-flow interaction displays a predator–prey relationship and both radial outward and inward propagation velocities of the turbulence-flow front have been measured. Finally, a non-linear relation between turbulent fluxes and gradients is observed.