Background. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) represents a very common oral lesion, affecting 5–60% of the general population. Different mechanisms might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of RAS, but to date, no single definite cause has been confirmed. Objectives. The aim of this study was to compare salivary epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in two phases of RAS (ulcerative and remission phases) and in healthy controls. Material and Methods. In this case-control study, the salivary epidermal growth factor concentration (pg/mL) was measured in 18 consecutive dental patients with RAS compared to 18 healthy controls. The two groups were matched in terms of age, sex, and salivary flow rate. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected in the first 3 days after mucosal ulceration and two weeks after resolution of RAS and from healthy controls. Salivary epider-mal growth factor (SEGF) concentration was measured using the sandwich ELISA technique. Results. Saliva samples were obtained from 36 people, comprised of 21 women and 15 men. The mean of the salivary epidermal growth factor level in the ulcerative stage of RAS patients (1772.05 ± 954.13 pg/mL) was lower than in the remission stage (2020.17 ± 996.94 pg/ml) and the control group (2357.10 ± 1365.96 pg/mL), but the differences were not significant. Conclusions. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis has no effect on the salivary level of epidermal growth factor (Dent. Med. Probl. 2015, 52, 1, 33–38).