Wiley, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 3(102), p. 871-879, 2013
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34755
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Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings are widely applied to enhance the level of osteointegration onto orthopaedic implants. Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) is typically used for the deposition of these coatings, however HA crystalline changes regularly occur during this high thermal process. This paper reports on the evaluation of a novel low temperature (<47 °C) HA deposition technique, called CoBlast, for the application of crystalline HA coatings. To-date, reports on the CoBlast technique have been limited to titanium alloy substrates. This study addresses the suitability of the CoBlast technique for the deposition of HA coatings on a number of alternative metal alloys utilised in the fabrication of orthopaedic devices. In addition to titanium grade 5, both cobalt chromium and stainless steel 316 were investigated. In this study HA coatings were deposited using both the CoBlast and plasma sprayed techniques, and the resultant HA coating and substrate properties were evaluated and compared. The CoBlast deposited HA coatings were found to present similar surface morphologies, interfacial properties and composition irrespective of the substrate alloy type. Coating thickness however displayed some variation with the substrate alloy, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 μm. This perhaps is associated with the electro-negativity of the metal alloys. The APS treated samples exhibited evidence of both coating, and significantly, substrate phase alterations for two metal alloys; titanium grade 5 and cobalt chrome. Conversely, the CoBlast processed samples exhibited no phase changes to the substrates after depositions. The APS alterations were attributed to the brief, but high intensity temperatures experienced during processing.