The gender perspective suggests and allows a deep analysis of social relations between men and women, in order to elucidate the differences and inequalities in gender-linked health. This paper went through theoretical and conceptual approaches that have been related to gender perspective to generate knowledge. Some of them are the conceptual framework of the determinants of social inequalities in health, the naturalization or essentialism, the hegemonic masculinity in a patriarchal society and the relational approach to gender. On the other hand, the impact of gender approach on methodological issues, for example on the conceptualization and justification of the research question, the design, on the selection of the population, the sample and variables and on data analysis, was shown. Public health should go beyond contributing to reveal gender inequalities; it should encourage and actively cooperate through its functions of promotion and preservation of the population's health to keep the principle of equality between women and men at all levels of the public management.