The European catfish, Silurus glanis is one of the largest freshwater fish worldwide. Although it originally inhabited rivers of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, this species is spreading within Europe, due to its popularity among anglers and interest in it as a potential species for aquaculture. This species has never been recorded in America until now. In August 2006, in the State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, the local newspaper " Diário Catarinense " reported, with a photograph, the capture of a huge catfish by an amateur fisherman in the Itajaí-Açu River, which was identified as S. glanis. In March, 2010, the Laboratory of Ecology, Ichthyology and Fisheries (LEPI) of the Federal University of Paraná received another individual of S. glanis that had died in a small pond next to the Piquiri River, in the State of Paraná. Our aim is to report these two independent and geographically separate records of S. glanis in South America, as well as highlight our concerns about the illegal transport of aquatic organisms, which is a serious threat to the conservation of natural resources, especially in megadiverse regions such as Brazil.