The pattern of cell migration during neuronal turnover in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VN-SE) is controversial. In mice, proliferating cells were detected at the edges and were described as migrating to the center of the VN-SE. In rats, in addition to proliferating cells at the margins of the epithelium, dividing cells are also present along the entire basal lamina of the VN-SE. In marsupials, dividing cells have also been observed in the margins and in the center of the VN-SE, the latter of which migrate vertically and become neurons. To investigate whether the process of neuronal turnover in placental mammals consists of horizontal and/or vertical migration, and whether or not this process is common to mammals, adult rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and allowed to survive for different periods of time. The distribution of BrdU-labeled cells in the horizontal and vertical dimension of the VN-SE was analyzed as a function of time. Both horizontal and vertical migrations of BrdU-labeled cells were detected. Since cells in the center of the VN-SE migrate vertically, and, as demonstrated by coexpression of markers of neuronal maturity and BrdU, become mature one day after undergoing mitosis, it is very likely that these cells participate in neuronal turnover. Conversely, because cells in the margins of the VN-SE stop migrating horizontally on day 14 before they have reached the center of the VN-SE, and since the VN-SE continues to grow during adulthood, it is likely that most of these latter cells constitute pools for growth.