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Elsevier, Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, 11(13), p. 2896-2910, 2014

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.038174

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The Bromodomain of Gcn5 Regulates Site Specificity of Lysine Acetylation on Histone H3

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

In yeast, the conserved histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 associates with Ada2 and Ada3 to form the catalytic module of the ADA and SAGA transcriptional coactivator complexes. Gcn5 also contains an acetyl-lysine binding bromodomain module that has been implicated in regulating nucleosomal acetylation in vitro, as well as at gene promoters in cells. However, the contribution of the Gcn5 bromodomain in regulating site-specificity of HAT activity remains unclear. Here, we used a combined acid-urea gel and quantitative mass spectrometry approach to compare HAT activity of wild type and Gcn5 bromodomain-mutant ADA subcomplexes (Gcn5-Ada2-Ada3). Wild type ADA subcomplex acetylated H3 lysines with the following specificity; H3K14 > H3K23 > H3K9 ≈ H3K18 > H3K27 > H3K36. However, when the Gcn5 bromodomain was defective in acetyl-lysine binding, the ADA subcomplex demonstrated altered site-specific acetylation on free and nucleosomal H3, with H3K18ac being the most severely diminished. H3K18ac was also severely diminished on H3K14R, but not H3K23R substrates in wild type HAT reactions, further suggesting Gcn5-catalyzed acetylation of H3K14, and bromodomain binding to H3K14ac, are important steps preceding H3K18ac. In sum, this work details a previously uncharacterized cross-talk between the Gcn5 bromodomain reader function and enzymatic HAT activity that may ultimately affect gene expression. Future study of how mutations in bromodomains or other histone PTM readers can affect chromatin-templated enzymatic activities will yield unprecedented insight into a potential histone/ epigenetic code. MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001167.