Published in

Wiley, Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 4(87), p. 487-498, 2016

DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12690

Links

Tools

Export citation

Search in Google Scholar

Binding free energy calculations of nine FDA-approved protease inhibitors against HIV-1 subtype C I36T↑T containing 100 amino acids per monomer

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

Full text: Download

Green circle
Preprint: archiving allowed
Orange circle
Postprint: archiving restricted
Red circle
Published version: archiving forbidden
Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

In this work we investigate the binding affinities of nine FDA approved protease inhibitor drugs against a new HIV-1 subtype C mutated protease, I36T↑T. Without an X-ray crystal structure, homology modelling was used to generate a three-dimensional model of the protease. This and the inhibitor models were employed to generate the inhibitor/I36T↑T complexes, with the relative positions of the inhibitors being superimposed and aligned using the X-ray crystal structures of the inhibitors/HIV-1 subtype B complexes as a reference. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on the complexes to calculate the average binding free energies for each inhibitor using the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) method. When compared to the binding free energies of the HIV-1 subtype B and subtype C proteases (calculated previously by our group using the same method), it was clear that the I36T↑T proteases mutations and insertion had a significant negative effect on the binding energies of the nonpepditic inhibitors Nelfinavir, Darunavir and Tipranavir. On the other hand, Ritonavir, Amprenavir and Indinavir shows improved calculated binding energies in comparison to the corresponding data for wild type C-SA protease. The computational model used in this study can be used to investigate new mutations of the HIV protease and help in establishing effective HIV drug regimes and may also aid in future protease drug design. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.