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Future of Craniofacial Reconstructive Surgery: The New "Silk Road" 2221 Years Later

This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Abstract

Background: Craniofacial trauma is a common scenario in ENT, maxillofacial, oral, and plastic surgery. Today, the standard approach for adult craniofacial reconstruction is the use of titanium alloy based plate and screws fixation. While there are trials to introduce more absorbable plates and screws based on L-polylactic/polyglycolic acid, their use is limited to pediatric procedures. Currently, absorbable plates and screws are more effective and there are attempts to utilize them in adult reconstruction; however, there is still a marked difference in the durability between titanium and absorbable material strength. In our approach, we introduce a novel silk-based screw and plate system which will provide greater durability and a better reconstructive outcome for craniofacial reconstruction. Methods: Using a rat based model, we compared silk-based and traditional systems for strength, absorbability, durability, plasticity, ease of implantation, and reconstructive outcomes. We also took into consideration healing factors for faster bone adhesion. Results: After testing both approaches in rats, a silk-based system offered numerous advantages to the current L-polylactic/polyglycolic acid fixation systems. Advantages included: ease of implantation, a better conformal fit to repair site, sterilization by autoclaving, minimal inflammatory responses, better durability, and increased potential for the utilization of therapeutic medications at the local repair site. Conclusions: We posit that a novel silk-based system, with the addition of therapeutic medications, is capable of providing a new option for craniofacial reconstruction in adults. Such a system could increase durability, absorbability, better design flexibility, and lead to a quicker and better healing of the repair site.