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Qualitative analysis of the presence of PBDE in ashes, soils and vegetables from Agbogbloshie e-waste recycling site

Journal article published in 2014 by Martin Oteng-Ababio, Mary Anti Chama, Ebenezer Forkuo Amankwaa ORCID
This paper is available in a repository.
This paper is available in a repository.

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Preprint: policy unknown
Question mark in circle
Postprint: policy unknown
Question mark in circle
Published version: policy unknown

Abstract

This paper assesses qualitatively, the presence of PBDEs in ashes, soils and vegetables found at the Agbogbloshie e-waste recycling site in Accra, Ghana. The motivation for the study was not only because the area serves as a major food center of the city where vegetables are cultivated extensively but additionally, a place where informal e-waste recyclers incinerate wires to harvest copper for survival. The dilemma is how to ascertain the safety of foods coming from the area since vegetables for example, are known to be very susceptible to contamination by ubiquitous lipophilic organic compounds including PBDEs which can be health threatening. Moving beyond speculative considerations that have characterized prior reports, this paper employs the EI Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometric method to analyse the presence of PBDEs in the ashes, soils and vegetables found at the site. The intent is to contribute to the debate and literature on how livelihood strategies impact food security. The results confirm the presence of five different PBDEs (BDE-1, BDE-7, BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99 or BDE-100) in all the samples, indicating a propensity of the e-waste recycling activities to disrupt food coming from the area and possibly affect human health. The paper calls for a more comprehensive study that will help create a set of converging policies and strategies that can reconcile the need for access to livelihood strategies – such as e-waste recycling, despite its health and environmental risks – and the right to healthy working conditions, a clean environment and safe food in Accra.