In heavy-ion collisions in the energy regime probed at the CERN SPS, experimental hints for the deconfinement phase transition have been seen in numerous inclusive hadronic observables. In order to further characterize this transition, and in the pursuit of indications for the expected critical point of strongly interacting matter, the NA49 collaboration has conducted analyses of the event-by-event fluctuations of various hadronic observables. A selection of these results will be presented and discussed in the light of theoretical predictions. Among these are new results on hadron ratio fluctuations, in particular K/p fluctuations and their potential connection to the correlation between strangeness and baryon number, thus revealing the basic degrees of freedom produced in heavy-ion collisions. Comment: prepared for the proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement (CPOD 2009) June 08 - 12 2009 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York, USA (18 pages, 12 figures)