To the Editor: We are a group of scholars and leaders in bioethics and pediatrics with extensive experience in ethical and regulatory issues in pediatrics and human subjects research. We urge the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) to withdraw its notification to the institutions involved in the Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial (SUPPORT) that they failed to meet regulatory informed-consent requirements, in particular regarding reasonably foreseeable risks of enrollment in the study. We believe that this conclusion was a substantive error and will have adverse implications for future research. SUPPORT was undertaken, in part, because neonatologists lacked . . .