The chip breaker presents an important role in chip control on turning operation, as well as a significant influence on cutting force, surface integrity, wear, and tool life. In this experimental study, the grooved chip breaker, feed rate, and cutting velocity influence on cutting force and surface roughness of turning process of AISI 1045 steel were investigated through a complete factorial design and the Scott–Knott method. The multiple comparison method of Scott–Knott was used to identify which combination of the factor levels was specifically different when a source of variation was statistically significant in ANOVA. This multiple comparison method was essential to choose an optimal combination between cutting conditions and chip breaker type assuring the lowest cutting force and surface roughness levels without ambiguity. The methodology proposed was effective at achieving process improvement.