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American Physical Society, Physical Review Letters, 15(113)

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.153002

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Reabsorption of Soft X-Ray Emission at High X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Fluences

Journal article published in 2014 by Simon Schreck, Martin Beye, Jonas A. Sellberg, Trevor McQueen, Hartawan Laksmono, Brian Kennedy, Sebastian Eckert, Daniel Schlesinger, Dennis Nordlund ORCID, Hirohito Ogasawara, Raymond G. Sierra, Vegard H. Segtnan, Katharina Kubicek, William F. Schlotter, Georgi L. Dakovski and other authors.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Abstract

We report on oxygen K-edge soft x-ray emission spectroscopy from a liquid water jet at the Linac Coherent Light Source. We observe significant changes in the spectral content when tuning over a wide range of incident x-ray fluences. In addition the total emission yield decreases at high fluences. These modifications result from reabsorption of x-ray emission by valence-excited molecules generated by the Auger cascade. Our observations have major implications for future x-ray emission studies at intense x-ray sources. We highlight the importance of the x-ray pulse length with respect to the core-hole lifetime.