Astaxanthin (C(40)H(52)O(4)) is an important natural pigment that has considerable promising applications in human health. Until now, many efforts were made aimed to develop economically sustainable bioprocesses alternative to the chemical synthesis, to satisfy the increasing demand of this ketocarotenoid from feed, food and cosmetic industries. The extraction of natural astaxanthin from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous till now seems to be rather expensive if compared with chemically synthesized astaxanthin. In this article, astaxanthin production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous under two different conditions was studied: a first effort was made using a conventional reactor while a second using an enlightened one. This research was aimed also to optimise astaxanthin production by testing the influence of the light and of some nutrient sources. From fermentation tests, an astaxanthin yield ranging about 970 µg g(-1) was obtained after fed batch cultivation in the conventional reactor. In the enlightened reactor lower values, about 930 µg g(-1), were found.