Satellite-borne measurements provide valuable information on the global distribution of upper tropospheric humidity (UTH), which represents the mean relative humidity in a layer approximately enclosed by the atmospheric pressure levels 500 and 200 hPa. Monthly mean distributions of microwave observations of UTH obtained from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB) are compared to infrared observations of UTH from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). All data sets for January 2003 show distributions as expected from climatologies. Data of AIRS and AMSU-B averaged on 1.5° × 1.5° lat-lon bins for January 2003 show good overall agreement. However, with 2.7%RH AIRS shows an unexpected wet mean bias, especially for regions where the influence of clouds is small or cloud affected measurements are excluded for both sensors. In regions where AIRS is sensitive to cloud affected measurements but not AMSU-B, the bias is reduced and partly negative. ; Satellite-borne measurements provide valuable information on the global distribution of upper tropospheric humidity (UTH), which represents the mean relative humidity in a layer approximately enclosed by the atmospheric pressure levels 500 and 200 hPa. Monthly mean distributions of microwave observations of UTH obtained from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB) are compared to infrared observations of UTH from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). All data sets for January 2003 show distributions as expected from climatologies. Data of AIRS and AMSU-B averaged on 1.5° × 1.5° lat-lon bins for January 2003 show good overall agreement. However, with 2.7%RH AIRS shows an unexpected wet mean bias, especially for regions where the influence of clouds is small or cloud affected measurements are excluded for both sensors. In regions where AIRS is sensitive to cloud affected measurements but not AMSU-B, the bias is reduced and partly negative.