Abstract Two Early Jurassic localities, the Mecsek Mts in Hungary and Anina in Romania, are similarly significant and both floras are of autochthonous/paraautochthonous origin. In the Early Jurassic the Hungarian locality was a delta plain; the Romanian locality was an intramontane depression filled predominantly by a braided river system. The floristic composition of the two localities (52 genera, 120 species), although superficially similar (25 common genera), differs at species level (only 9 common species) as well as in the proportions of taxa in major plant groups. These differences can be explained by differences in environmental conditions resulting from palaeogeographic and topographic factors. Based on previous and recent studies, alpha diversity as well as statistically (DCA, PCA) differentiated ecogroups are compared and discussed. For common species, the GLM method was used to classify them to particular environmental response types. Their environmental requirements in both ecosystems are evaluated. Some of the shared species showed different preferences at the localities, explainable by their broad ecological tolerance.