For the genetic analysis of ancient human remains to be done, the most appropriate bone has to be selected for the extraction procedure. The osseous tissue is already poor in DNA content, and the genetic material begins degradation from the moment of death. The burial conditions influence the diagenesis progress, affecting the composition and microstructure of the mineral component of the bone, the hydroxylapatite, and also the integrity of the organic fraction, which suffers chemical degradation and microbial attack. A complex interaction between the organic and the mineral part, and the impact of different burial site environments render remains with a variety of properties that affect the DNA availability. Using FTIR Spectroscopy (Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy), many of these variations in bone features can be interpreted, correlated, and used in various further methodological approaches. The crystallinity of the bone mineral and also its organic content can be characterized through FTIR. A higher level of crystal order corresponds to a more degraded bone, but a moderate adsorption of the DNA to the mineral crystallites can protect it from chemical decay, making the interpretation of FTIR spectra a complex and thoughtful procedure.