Microbiology Society, Journal of Medical Microbiology, 12(63), p. 1763-1766, 2014
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Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia mandrillaris spp. are known to cause fatal amebic encephalitis. Here we attempt to draw the attention of these cases being reported as "Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis" (GAE), and of its occurrences in immunocompromised individuals and patients with AIDS. GAE, like any other granulomatous inflammations can occur only in the presence of ample numbers of CD4+ve T-lymphocytes. We therefore recommend the use of this terminology with obligation and only when the diagnostic criteria's have been met. Through extensive reviews of manuscripts published over a period of 5 decades on the relevant topic and cytokine studies and/or morphological evidences provided in published manuscripts were analyzed in detail by independent resources to analyze the granulomatous inflammatory data provided to justify the titles. The substantiations given in support of (GAE) did not appear to be convincing enough in the majority of the reviewed published manuscripts and especially its occurrence in patients with AIDS and other immunocompromised states were not justified and the distinction between granuloma and granulomatous inflammation remains obscure. We thus recommend the reporting of this term with obligation and suggest the usage of the term "Granulomatoid", in cases where there remains an ambiguity in morphological appearances of the lesions, especially in AIDS and related diseases.