Back Cover: Bioinert carbon based polymers can be bioactivated using plasma immersion ion implantation by introducing radicals to a sub-surface layer. These radicals will react with oxygen in atmosphere creating a biofriendly hydrophilic environment. Sufficient radicals are also present to covalently bind biomolecules such as proteins and peptides, further increasing the bioactivity of the surface. Further details can be found in the article by Edgar A. Wakelin et. al. on page 180.