Bacillary dysentery is a severe form of shigellosis caused by one of several types of Shigella bacteria. Infections in humans occur following ingestion of contaminated food and drinks with feces from carriers of the shigella dysenteriae. Bacillary dysentery is common among travelers, military troops and children. Bacillary dysentery usually manifest recurrent or persistent abdominal pain, accompanied with diarrhea or alternation of diarrhea, and constipation as well as intermittent appearance of mucopurulent and blood-stained stools. In this article, a review on various aspects of bacillary dysentery has been given.