In the past decades, increasing attention has been paid to the preparation of "smart" functionalized polymer particles reversibly responding to slight environmental changes, such as variations in temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The composite polymer particles consisting of a solid poly(acrolein-co-styrene) core and a poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) polymer shell doped with CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) were prepared. The thermosensitive response of the composite particles was observed as a decrease in their hydrodynamic diameter upon heating above the lower critical solution temperature of the thermosensitive PVCL polymer used as a shell. Embedding QDs in the PVCL shell makes it possible to obtain particles whose fluorescence is sensitive to temperature changes. The temperature-dependent fluorescence of particles was determined by reversible variation of the distances between QDs in the PVCL shell as a result of temperature-driven conformational changes in this polymer. In addition, these particles can be used as carriers of biomolecule (e. g., bovine serum albumin, BSA) characterized by reversibly temperature-dependent fluorescence, which can serve as the basis for optical detection methods in bioassays, such as the measurement of local temperature in nanovolumes, biosensing, etc.