Adaptive reactions involving different body systems are essential for human living activity. These adaptive reactions are based both on contact cell interactions and distant cell-to-cell transfer of secreted molecules. Transfer of bioactive substances is realized both on system and local levels. Currently, there is lack of information about mechanisms of transport in the intercellular space. Secretion of biologically active molecules within microparticles is considered to be one of the possible modes of signal transduction. Microparticles are microvesicles generated on the cell membrane surface. They may contain molecules derived from membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. Blood plasma microparticles are established to be involved in blood coagulation, inflammation and immune response. In this review we summarize current concepts of microparticles as signal carriers participating in intercellular communication.