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Published in

American Physical Society, Physical Review Letters, 11(115), 2015

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.113006

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Fano-Liouville Spectral Signatures in Open Quantum Systems

This paper is made freely available by the publisher.
This paper is made freely available by the publisher.

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Data provided by SHERPA/RoMEO

Abstract

The scattering amplitude from a set of discrete states coupled to a continuum became known as the Fano profile, characteristic for its asymmetric lineshape and originally investigated in the context of photoionization. The generality of the model, and the proliferation of engineered nanostructured with confined states gives immense success to the Fano lineshape which is invoked whenever an asymmetric lineshape is encountered. However, many of these systems do not conform to the initial model worked out by Fano in that i) they are subject to dissipative processes and ii) the observables are not entirely analogous to the ones measured in the original photoionization experiments. In this letter, we work out the full optical response of a Fano model with dissipation. We find that the exact result for absorption, Raman, Rayleigh and fluorescence emission is a modified Fano profile where the typical lineshape has an additional Lorentzian contribution. In a set of seminal papers spanning from 1935 and 1961, Beutler [1], Fano [2, 3] and Friederichs [4] laid the basis of the theory to describe the absorption lineshapes of atomic photoionization experiments. These lineshapes presented marked asymmetries which could not be explained by a simple Lorentzian resonance. The explanation was attributed to an interference between two photo-ionizaton pathways: one where the atom is ionized directly from its ground state and one where it is first excited to a higher discrete state which then ionizes (auto-ionized states). Asymmetric lineshapes can be observed in general photo-fragmentation experiments. The minimal Fano model consists in a discrete excited state coupled to a continuum set of excited states, both type of states being reachable by photo-excitation from the ground state. The resulting photo-fragmentation cross-section as a function of the excitation laser frequency ω L is known as the Beutler-Fano or Fano profile: