While the antiviral response during measles virus (MeV) infection is documented, the contribution of the hosting cell type to the type I interferon (IFN-α/β) response is still not clearly established. Here, we report that a signature heterogeneity of the IFN-α/β response according to the cell type. The MeV tropism dictated by the expression of appropriate cellular receptor appeared to be crucial for epithelial cells. For conventional DCs (cDCs), the maturation state played a prominent role. In response to both wild type MeV isolates and laboratory/vaccine strains, immature cDCs produced higher levels of IFN-α than mature cDCs, despite the reduced expression levels of both CD46 and CD150 receptors by the former ones. While in epithelial cells and cDCs the MeV transcription was required to activate the IFN-α/β response, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) rapidly produced large amounts of IFN-α mostly independently of the viral infection cycle. This argues for a significant contribution of pDCs in response to MeV infection and/or vaccination.