Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarise what is known about the health of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Design/methodology/approach – The paper aims to update the unpublished review and scoping paper undertaken by Swift for the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities; provide a conceptual framework for understanding the key determinants of the poorer health outcomes experienced by people with ASD; undertake a brief option appraisal of existing sources of data that may be of value in addressing the mortality and morbidity of people with ASD; and establish future research possibilities. Findings – The limited literature suggests higher rates of mortality and morbidity among people with ASD. Originality/value – A simple conceptual framework for understanding the key determinants of poorer health of people with ASD is proposed. Options for studying the mortality and morbidity in ASD using existing data sources are also appraised and recommendations are made for future research in the area.