Political will or commitment toward the HIV epidemic has been lacking in most African countries. Although most countries are in denial, a few have moved into recognition of the epidemic. Only two countries, Senegal and Uganda, have moved into mobilization. Ineffectiveness is judged by increasing HIV prevalence rates and declining life expectancy. Countries without active national leadership to fight the epidemic have seen deterioration in these criteria. In addition to its toll in Africa, this epidemic threatens U.S. political, economic, and security interests. Political responses to manage the risks to the United States have revolved around much increased development assistance through traditional channels and financial support for the United Nations' Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria.