道路交通安全法》实施之后,第76条有关司机责任的规定引发了社会的广泛讨论。借助法律经济学的分析方法对《道路交通安全法》第76条进行剖析,从社会成本、交通效率、道德风险等几个方面加以利弊权衡,可以看出:在这种责任分配体制下,将预防或注意的成本过多地分配给司机会产生道路交通的低效率;过高的赔偿风险将极大地增加整个社会保险(含商业保险)的成本;举证的困难大大增加诉讼成本并引起对法律的失望;不合理的责任分配会引发道德风险及由此引来的违法行为。针对这些问题,有必要采取一些相应的立法对策。 Since The Road Traffic Safety Law began to be implemented formally on May 1 , 2004 , the article 76 of the Law ,which regulates the driver’s responsibility has been criticized by various circles of the society. Analyzing the article on the legal and economic ground , we can weigh the pros and cons on the regulation of this article from such respects as social cost , traffic efficiency , morals risk etc. It is clear that shifting too much prevention cost or notice cost to driver will cause low efficiency in traffic. Extortionate risk of compensation will increase the cost of total social insurance (including commercial insurance) . The difficulty in producing evidence will increase litigant cost and the irrational distributing in responsibility will bring out moral hazard and criminal offense along with it. It is necessary to take some measures in legislation to deal with the problems.