In this paper, we propose an advanced spectrum management approach for the downlink of WCDMA systems using genetic algorithms and the concept of coupling matrix, which is able to capture inter-cell interactions. Simulation results show that the proposed approach increases spectrum efficiency while guaranteeing the required QoS levels. Moreover, it allows releasing carriers in some cells, so that they could be eventually used by e.g. secondary cognitive radio users exploiting the flexible spectrum allocation and opportunistic spectrum access. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)