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Single-electronic radio-frequency refrigerator
Journal article published in 2009 by
Sergey Kafanov 
,
A. Kemppinen,
Yu A. Pashkin ,
Yuri A. Pashkin,
Y.-U. A. Pashkin,
M. Meschke,
J. S. Tsai,
Jukka P. Pekola
,
A. Kemppinen,
Yu A. Pashkin ,
Yuri A. Pashkin,
Y.-U. A. Pashkin,
M. Meschke,
J. S. Tsai,
Jukka P. Pekola
Abstract
Physical Review Letters Vol.103, 120801 ; We demonstrate experimentally that a hybrid single-electron transistor with superconducting leads and a normal-metal island can be refrigerated by an alternating voltage applied to the gate electrode. The simultaneous measurement of the dc current induced by the rf gate through the device at a small bias voltage serves as an in situ thermometer.